Cash Flow & Fund Flow

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Rg_Gp (Querist)
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17 September 2009 Hi,

Please clarify whether a change in assets in laibilities between two yerars can be entered in a cash flow statement. To my mind, CAsh flow should contain the sources & application of funds in a year. The change in the assets & liabilities comes in a Fund Flow. Please clarify.

CA Satheesh

CA Satheesh (Expert)
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18 September 2009 if you are preparing cash flow statement based on indirect method then you hav to include changes in assets & Liabilities.

other method is direct mathod.

Rg_Gp

Rg_Gp (Querist)
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19 September 2009 But i suppose, changes in assets & liabilities will only give us the working capital required and cash flow is a part of working capital. So shouldn't we have a seperate Cash flow & Fund flow statements.

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Asha Kanta Sharma

Asha Kanta Sharma

(Expert)
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18 July 2024 You've raised a pertinent question regarding the distinction between cash flow and fund flow statements, and whether changes in assets and liabilities should be included in the cash flow statement.

### Cash Flow Statement vs. Fund Flow Statement

**Cash Flow Statement:**
- The cash flow statement primarily focuses on cash inflows and outflows during a specific period.
- It classifies cash flows into operating, investing, and financing activities.
- The objective is to provide insights into the company's ability to generate cash and its liquidity position.

**Fund Flow Statement:**
- The fund flow statement, on the other hand, tracks the changes in financial position by analyzing the sources and uses of funds.
- It includes changes in working capital (current assets and liabilities) to determine the net increase or decrease in funds.
- Fund flow statement is more concerned with long-term financial health and the movement of funds between different elements of the balance sheet.

### Including Changes in Assets and Liabilities in Cash Flow Statement

1. **Operating Activities:** Changes in current assets and liabilities (such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory) directly affect cash flow from operating activities. For example, an increase in accounts receivable reduces cash flow from operations because it ties up cash in outstanding invoices.

2. **Investing and Financing Activities:** Changes in non-current assets and liabilities (like investments, property, plant, equipment, long-term debt) are typically reflected in investing and financing activities. For instance, the purchase or sale of equipment affects cash flows from investing activities.

### Conclusion

While changes in assets and liabilities are integral to both the cash flow and fund flow analysis, they are approached differently:

- **Cash Flow Statement:** It includes changes in current assets and liabilities as they directly impact cash flows from operating activities. This statement focuses on cash movements over a period, helping stakeholders understand liquidity and cash management.

- **Fund Flow Statement:** This statement looks beyond cash transactions to analyze the overall financial health by tracking changes in long-term assets and liabilities, providing insights into the sources and uses of funds.

In practice, both statements serve distinct purposes, with the cash flow statement detailing short-term cash movements and the fund flow statement providing a broader financial perspective. Each statement complements the other in providing a comprehensive view of a company's financial performance and position.