Defination and explanation of various terms in account

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Vikram (Querist)
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21 January 2009 I want to know meaning of various terms and their accounting treatment.
1. Consumables,Stores & Spares,Repairs to fixed assets,
2. Their accounting treatment and
3. Time when such can be treated as capital expenditure.
Please provide me the same in an Excel file if possible. Please send the same on my email id i.e.vikram.doshi1986@gmail.com

CA. Dashrath Maheshwari

CA. Dashrath Maheshwari (Expert)
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21 January 2009 You can try http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/

Vikram

Vikram (Querist)
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23 January 2009 Dude i dont want any dictionary meaning.
I want to know thiese in accounting parlance.

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Asha Kanta Sharma

Asha Kanta Sharma

(Expert)
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20 July 2024 I'm unable to send files directly to email addresses. However, I can certainly provide you with definitions, explanations, and examples of the terms you've mentioned related to accounting:

### 1. Consumables, Stores & Spares, Repairs to Fixed Assets

**Consumables:**
- **Definition:** Consumables are goods that are used up or consumed during the normal course of business operations. These items are not intended for long-term use and are typically expensed when purchased.
- **Accounting Treatment:** Consumables are usually recorded as expenses in the Income Statement (Profit and Loss Account) when they are purchased.

**Stores & Spares:**
- **Definition:** Stores and spares refer to items held in inventory or stock that are used for maintenance or replacement purposes. These items are generally held for a longer period compared to consumables.
- **Accounting Treatment:** Stores and spares are initially recorded as inventory (an asset) when purchased. When used, they may be expensed as repairs or maintenance costs.

**Repairs to Fixed Assets:**
- **Definition:** Repairs to fixed assets are expenditures incurred to restore or maintain the operational condition of fixed assets. These expenditures do not increase the productive capacity or extend the useful life of the asset beyond its original specification.
- **Accounting Treatment:** Repairs to fixed assets are typically expensed in the Income Statement as they are incurred. This treatment applies to routine maintenance and repairs that do not enhance the asset's capacity or extend its useful life.

### 2. Accounting Treatment

- **Consumables:** Recorded as expenses in the Income Statement (Profit and Loss Account) when purchased.
- **Stores & Spares:** Initially recorded as inventory (asset) when purchased, and expensed when used for maintenance or replacement purposes.
- **Repairs to Fixed Assets:** Expensed in the Income Statement as incurred, unless they meet the criteria for capitalization (discussed below).

### 3. Capital Expenditure vs. Revenue Expenditure

**Capital Expenditure:**
- **Definition:** Expenditures incurred to acquire, improve, or extend the life of an asset. Capital expenditures are not fully expensed in the year of purchase but are instead recorded as assets (capitalized) and depreciated or amortized over their useful lives.
- **Example:** Major repairs or upgrades to equipment that significantly improve its efficiency or extend its useful life.

**Revenue Expenditure:**
- **Definition:** Expenditures incurred in the day-to-day operations of a business to maintain or support its revenue-generating activities. Revenue expenditures are typically fully expensed in the year they are incurred.
- **Example:** Routine repairs and maintenance of equipment to keep it in working condition.

**Determining Capital Expenditure:**
- **Criteria:** Whether the expenditure enhances the asset's capacity, extends its useful life beyond the initial specification, or increases its value.
- **Time of Treatment:** Capital expenditures are recorded on the Balance Sheet and depreciated over time, reflecting their longer-term benefit to the business.

### Conclusion

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate financial reporting and compliance with accounting standards. For a detailed Excel file or further customization, consulting a professional accountant or using accounting software tailored to your business needs would be advisable.