As per Income tax act, 1961 there are 5 heads of income under which an assessee may have to pay the taxes and these assessee includes the residents and Non-residents. Although, It is normally noticed that a non-resident does not possess such knowledge of the Act by which he, unintentionally, did not the taxes and then have to suffer interest and penalty. Well if you are a Non-resident then this article will help you to identify whether you will be liable to pay the taxes in India as per your income or not.
If you are a resident and went to abroad for some time then this article is relevant for you also, because in this article there are some provision has been explained for such persons.
Before understanding about the taxation, first it is necessary that whether you are covered under the Non-resident definition under Income tax act or not.
As per section 6 of Income tax Act, 1961, a person is called a resident who stays in India for
- 182 days or more in the current Previous Year Or
- 60 days or more in the current Previous Year and 365 days or more in preceding 4 Previous Years.
Example 1: Mr. A went to Australia for the 1st time for employment on 12th August 2018. He returns to India on 24th April 2019.
Now, check the above conditions
Period from 12.08.2018 To 31.03.2019= 255 Days i.e. more then 182 days hence in FY 18-19, Mr. A shall be a NRI as per this condition.
In simple words, if both the above conditions has been fulfilled then he shall be called Non Resident and if any one of the condition or none of the condition were satisfied then he shall be called a resident and his global income shall be taxable.
Hence, if as per the above definition if you are a NRI then you should know the income tax provision as defined below which treat NRIs differently from resident Indians. By this article, I have tried to explain it in very simple manner about the tax implications under Income tax act for NRI:
1. For Non-Residents, those income which has been received in India or earned or accrued in India, shall be taxable in India.
As per the Income tax provisions, if you are a NRI as per the above definition, then you shall be liable for the payment of tax in India in respect of those income which has been received in India or earned or accrued in India.
Now let me give you some examples for more clarification:
A foreigner shall be liable for the payment of taxes in India if he received:
- Salary in India;
- Services provided in India;
- Income received from house property in India
- Capital gain arising from the sale of his property situated in India
- Income from Investments
- Interest received from saving bank account.
The above was mentioned about the Non-resident. However, if a person being a resident earning the income in India as well as out of India, he shall be required to pay the taxes on both kinds of income i.e on Indian income and foreign income both.
While a person being NRI earning the income from outside India and in India the he shall be liable for the payment of taxes in India only in respect of Income which has been earned in India.
It might be possible that for NRI, there would be some income which is taxable in India as well as his country if residence. In such case, he can claim the credit of tax from his residence country by double taxation avoidance agreement. This may vary from case to case basis.
If you to know more about double taxation avoidance agreement then you can refer our previous article.
2. NRI cannot avail the benefit of basic exemption if he is having a gain from the term capital assets in India i.e. having a long term capital gain:
Tax slab rate for a person being an individual aged less than 60 years or a person being Non-resident shall not be required to pay the taxes on the total income up to Rs.2,50,000. It means, if the Non-resident is having the total income up to Rs.2,50,000 than he would not be required to file the income tax return.
However, if he is having a long term capital gain only, then such basic exemption limit shall not be available him.
Note: In case, if his income is more than the basic exemption limit i.e. Rs.2.5 Lakh and the TDS has been deducted on the whole amount of tax amount if
In simple words, a person is having a gain from long term capital assets shall not be eligible to take the benefit of slab rate. However this condition shall be applicable only when he is having the income only from sale of long term capital assets and does not have any other income in India.
If he is resident, then he is not required to pay any tax because he can avail the benefit of sub rate since his income is below exemption limit. However,
For example: a person being resident has LTCG of INR 4 Lakh then he is liable to pay tax on INR 1.5 Lakh (i.e. amount above basic exemption limit) however an NRI has to pay tax on total INR 4 Lakh and he would not take the benefit of basic exemption limit.
Note: Total Income means the income after allowing all the deductions after chapter VI-A
3. A NRI is not eligible to invest in PPF.
As we already know that if a person makes an Investment in any of the scheme as mentioned in section 80C under Chapter VI-A, he shall be eligible for the deduction of maximum up to Rs.1.5 lakhs per annum. Under section 80C, one of the investment is in PPF (Public Provident Fund). Also, if any interest being earned on PPF account and maturity proceeds, both shall be exempted from tax. This investment is one of the best investment for tax purposes. However, a NRI is not eligible for the investment in PPF anymore. Kindly note, if residential status of a person being a resident is subsequently changed to NRI, the account was allowed to be run till maturity.
4. A NRI is not eligible for taking the deduction under section 80DD and 80DDB which relates to expenditure incurred in respect of medical treatment of self or dependent (handicapped/person of disability/suffering from specified disease).
It means if a NRI has incurred an expenditure in respect of medical treatment of self or dependent as mentioned in section 80DD and 80DDB, such NRI cannot claim any deduction. Although if the said expenditure is being incurred by resident, he can claim deduction.
Kindly note that the above disallowance for NRI is not made under section 80D i.e., deduction under section 80D, the amount paid for medical insurance or medical expenditure which has been incurred on the health of self or family shall be available for resident and non resident both.
5. As per Finance Act, 2019, the benefit of Nil tax on the total Income up to Rs. 5 lakhs, is not available to Non-resident Individual under section 87A.
As many of us know that in the finance budget 2019, government has given a very beautiful benefits to all the individual resident person under which it states that if the total income of a person being a resident Indian is up to Rs.5 Lakhs then he is not required to pay the taxes. Let me explain it with an example: if a person is having a total income of Rs.5 Lakhs then after giving the slab rate benefit his total tax liability would be Rs.12,500 and as per section 87A, government has increased the limit for deduction under section 87A from Rs.2,500 to Rs.12,500. In simple words, a resident individual is not required to pay the tax if his income is up to Rs.5 Lakhs. However, his income is exceeds by even a single rupee then he shall not be eligible for taking such deduction and liable for the payment of taxes by applying the normal tax slab rates.
Unfortunately the said benefit of deduction under section 87A, is not applicable to a Non-resident person
6. NRI is having a different TDS rate as comparison to resident Indian.
TDS means Tax Deducted at Source/Withholding tax. TDS rates is different where the deductee is non-resident and where the deductee is a resident person, Let me tell you with an example: A non-resident is selling its property in India to a resident person in such a case, the buyer shall be required to deduct the TDS under section 195 at the rate as prescribed under this section which may vary from long term or short term capital assets. However if the seller is a resident person, then in such case, the property buyer shall be liable to deduct the TDS under section 194IA at the rate 1% on the consideration value where the sale value has exceeds Rs.50 Lakhs.
7. Senior citizen being NRI is not eligible to take the benefit of slab rates which is available for senior citizen resident individual.
As per Income tax act, different slab rates has been defined for different age group. For A.Y 2020-21, where a person being individual resident is aged between 60 years to 80 years, he shall be considered as senior citizen and his income upto INR 3 Lakh will be exempt from income tax. If a person having a age of more than 80 years, he shall be considered as super senior citizen and his basic exemption limit is increased to Rs.5 lakh. However, this benefit is also not available to a person being Non-resident. In other words, a NRI, even he is senior citizen or super senior citizen, his basic exemption limit shall be the same i.e. Rs.2.5 Lakhs and he shall be liable for the payment of income tax as per the normal slab rate.
8. Deduction of Rs.50,000 on interest on deposits under section 80TTB is not available.
As per section 80TTA, a person being an resident individual aged less than 60 years and a Non-resident, is having an income from interest on deposits from Banks or post office than they shall be legible for the deduction up to Rs.10,000 or the amount of income whichever is lower. However, if the said person has aged is 60 years or more being resident individual, the deduction amount shall be increased to Rs.50,000 under section 80TTB. In simple words, the benefit of Section 80TTB is not available to Non-resident person.
9. NRI person does not require to have an Aadhaar number
As per Section 139AA of the Income-tax Act, 1961, it is compulsory for the assessee to quote the aadhar number at time of filing of his income tax return however there are some exceptions are also specified in this section which includes Non-citizen of India. Hence, a person being NRIs are not required to quote Aadhaar number while filing income tax return.
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