Butterfly effect: A seemingly inconsequential event or incident can have momentous consequences.
Greenhouse effect: Heat emanating from a planetary surface will be absorbed and redistributed by atmospheric gases back to the surface or into the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in temperature.
Domino effect: Each in a series of events or incidents causes the subsequent phenomena.
Ripple effect: A single incident or occurrence may have consequences and ramifications beyond the scope of the original phenomenon.
Trickle-down effect: A consumer item may initially be affordable only for the affluent, but its price will likely decrease until people of more modest means can afford it (at which time it often becomes less attractive to wealthier people).