Events
§ 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
§ 1072 - Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo.
§ 1475 - Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
§ 1645 - Archbishop William Laud is beheaded at the Tower of London.
§ 1776 - Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense.
§ 1806 - Dutch settlers in Cape Town surrender to the British.
§ 1810 - The marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.
§ 1861 - American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union.
§ 1863 - The London Underground, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between London Paddington station and Farringdon station.
§ 1870 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.
§ 1901 - The first great Texas oil gusher is discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas.
§ 1920 - The League of Nations holds its first meeting and ratifies the Treaty of Versailles ending World War I.
§ 1922 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of the Irish Free State.
§ 1923 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.
§ 1941 - Lend-Lease is introduced into the U.S. Congress.
§ 1941 - World War II: The Greek army captures Kleisoura.
§ 1946 - The first General Assembly of the United Nations opens in London. Fifty-one nations are represented.
§ 1962 - Apollo Project: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket booster. It became better known as the Saturn V moon rocket, which launched every Apollo moon mission.
§ 1984 - The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations after 117 years.
§ 1989 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola.
§ 1990 - Time Warner is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc.
§ 2001 - A large piece of the chalk cliff at Beachy Head collapses into the sea.
§ 2005 - A mudslide occurs in La Conchita, California, killing 10 people, injuring many more and closing the Highway 101, the main coastal corridor between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for 10 days.
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