Shareholder
A shareholder is an individual or organization owning
stock in a company. Pension funds and mutual funds are examples of shareholders that are also organizations. Shareholders have a legal claim on a percentage of the company's earnings and assets, and share the same level of limited liability as the company itself. In cases of bankruptcy, shareholders generally lose the entire value of their holdings. Typical shareholders have limited influence over publicly traded companies beyond voting for the Board of Directors. Shareholders who hold large percentages of a company must meet additional regulatory requirements, such as publicly reporting the extent of their holdings. Shareholders who are also company insiders are required to file public disclosures whenever they wish to increase or decrease their holdings.
Stockholder
Individual or organization with an ownership position in a corporation; also called a Shareholder or share owner. Stockholders must own at least one share, and their ownership is confirmed by either a stock certificate or a record by their broker if shares are in the broker's custody.
Stackeholder
Person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organization's actions, objectives, and policies. Key stakeholders in a business organization include creditors, customers, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources. Although stake-holding is usually self-legitimizing (those who judge themselves to be stakeholders are de facto so), all stakeholders are not equal and different stakeholders are entitled to different considerations. For example, a firm's customers are entitled to fair trading practices but they are not entitled to the same consideration as the firm's employees. See also corporate governance.
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