Hi Sheli,
Unfortunately, we don't have much of a perspective on government opportunities. There certainly are opportunities, and macro economics does lend itself well to a role within the government. Reserve Bank of India is a good avenue. D Subbarao, the current governor of the RBI is an economist. The Department of Economic Affairs, the Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, etc., are also opportunities.
In many of the above cases, there may be a need to take the IAS or Civil Service Exams. So, for a role in the government, it may not necessarily end with a post graduation. Montek Singh Alhuwalia, chairman of the Planning Commission is an economist, and one of those rare situations of not being a member of the Indian Civil Service.
While there are plenty of opportunites in similar government organisations, both at the central and state level, it would help do more research on the entry points for these roles.
All the best,
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