There is no provision for any adjustment u/s 143(1) except those made by the automated software of the IT Department. Examples are when loss from business is claimed for set off against salary income, which is not allowable and which the software does not allow. There are other examples.
In the automated scheme of things, the question of giving details of depreciation claimed etc. do not arise, except when the case is selected for scrutiny. In the event of incomplete data regarding depreciation in the schedule to the return, the Assessing Officer always the power to declare the return as defective u/s 139(9). Regarding Advance Tax, if the challan details provided in the return of income are not accurate, then credit for it is denied, period.
And there are some rulings of ITAT which prohibit any rectification u/s 154 where the return was accepted u/s 143(1).