EDUCATION / Qualification:
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1950: Stood first in BA (Hons), Economics, Punjab University , Chandigarh
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1952; Stood first in MA (Economics), Punjab University , Chandigarh ,
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1954; Wright's Prize for distinguished performance at St John's College , Cambridge ,
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1955 and 1957; Wrenbury scholar, University of Cambridge ,
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1957; DPhil ( Oxford ), DLitt (Honoris Causa); PhD thesis on India 's export competitiveness
OCCUPATION / Teaching Experience:
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Professor (Senior lecturer, Economics, 1957-59;
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Reader, Economics, 1959-63;
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Professor, Economics, Punjab University , Chandigarh , 1963-65;
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Professor, International Trade, Delhi School of Economics , University of Delhi,1969-71
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Honorary professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi ,1976 and Delhi
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School of Economics , University of Delhi ,1996 and Civil Servant
Working Experience / POSITIONS::
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1971-72: Economic advisor, ministry of foreign trade
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1972-76: Chief economic advisor, ministry of finance
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1976-80: Director, Reserve Bank of India
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Director, Industrial Development Bank of India ;
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Alternate governor for India , Board of governors, Asian Development Bank;
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Alternate governor for India , Board of governors, IBRD
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November 1976 - April 1980: Secretary, ministry of finance (Department of economic affairs);
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Member, finance, Atomic Energy Commission; Member, finance, Space Commission
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April 1980 - September 15, 1982 : Member-secretary, Planning Commission
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1980-83: Chairman , India Committee of the Indo-Japan joint study committee
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September 16, 1982 - January 14, 1985 : Governor, Reserve Bank of India .
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1982-85: Alternate Governor for India Board of governors, International Monetary Fund
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1983-84: Member, economic advisory council to the Prime Minister
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1985: President, Indian Economic Association
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January 15, 1985 - July 31, 1987 : Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission
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August 1, 1987 - November 10, 19! 90: Secretary-general and commissioner,south commission, Geneva
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December 10, 1990 - March 14, 1991 : Advisor to the Prime Minister on economic affairs
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March 15, 1991 - June 20, 1991 : Chairman, UGC
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June 21, 1991 - May 15, 1996 : Union finance minister
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October 1991: Elected to Rajya Sabha from Assam on Congress ticket
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June 1995: Re-elected to Rajya Sabha
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1996 onwards: Member, Consultative Committee for the ministry of finance
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August 1, 1996 - December 4, 1997: Chairman, Parliamentary standing committee on commerce
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March 21, 1998 onwards: Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha
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June 5, 1998 onwards: Member, committee on finance
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August 13, 1998 onwards: Member, committee on rules
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Aug 1998-2001: Member, committee of privileges 2000 onwards: Member, executive committee, Indian parliamentary group
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June 2001: Re-elected to Rajya Sabha
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Aug 2001 onwards: Member, general purposes committee
BOOKS:
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