Legal Status and Ethical Considerations Surrounding Animal Welfare: An Evolving Landscape



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Historically, animals were sometimes punished for their actions, but modern law views them as property, not legal persons. Owners are responsible for their animals' behaviour and any harm they cause. While animals lack legal personhood, laws like India's Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960, and the Constitution's Article 51A(g) recognise their sentience and provide protections against cruelty, reflecting a growing societal acknowledgment of their welfare.

In the annals of legal history, the treatment of non-human entities, particularly animals, has undergone a profound evolution. Once considered liable for their own actions and subject to punishment for wrongdoings, todays legal landscape offers a markedly different perspective. Ancient legal syst
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